Author links open overlay panel fangrui lin zhixing chen bin liu yong liu chengshang zhou. The objective of the present work is to increase the wear resistance for long life of applications. The following rules come into force on april 1st, 2009. When molten, cast iron solidifies some of the carbon precipitates as graphite, forming tiny, irregular flakes within the and cry stal structure of the metal 2. Determining hardness and other properties of steel, iron and.
It discusses the hardness properties, tensile properties, shear and. Pdf physical and mechanical properties of iron powder filled. Nonferrous metals are used because of its properties such as higher conductivity e. Steel offers great strength, even though it is light in weight. Its important physical properties are low density, low hardness and high thermal conductivity and lubricity. Cast iron contains tensile strength of about 150nmm 2 and the compressive strength is about 600nmm 2. This is the stable form of pure carbon in cast iron. Due to the difficulty to perform mechanical tests on the real oxides presented in the form of multiple laminated stratums, the elastic modulus of iron oxides remains unknown.
All the mechanical properties mentioned above affect the quality of the cast iron ductile, gray, so it is important to choose a manufacturer that meticulously undertakes these states. Materials data book 2003 edition cambridge university engineering department. First cast to white iron and then heattreated to produce nodular graphite precipitates. A fully ferritic structure with recrystallized grains is. This sae standard covers the minimum mechanical properties measured on separately cast test pieces of varying thickness and microstructural requirements for ductile iron castings used in automotive and allied industries. Chemical properties physical properties mechanical properties thermal properties applications. Pure iron has two main applications, chemical inert vessels and soft magnetic cores. Mechanical testing included tension tests and hardness tests. Influence of cooling rate and antimony addition content on. This means that wrought steel has some of the structural properties of cast steel, such as additional weight of metal required to have the same structural integrity as a similar piece of forged steel. Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth. Physical and mechanical properties of materials melting temperature 9 density 10 youngs modulus 11 yield stress and tensile strength 12 fracture toughness environmental resistance 14 uniaxial tensile response of selected metals and polymers 15 iii. Identification of physical and mechanical properties of various metals a.
Iron carbon 30 aluminium copper 30 aluminium silicon 31. Results revealed that mechanical properties decrease with increasing size of casting module. The followings are its other equivalent grades, its mechanical properties, chemical composition, castings and foundri. Mechanical properties of ductile irons1 cast iron science. Mechanical properties of cast iron, mild iron and steel at historical structures. The literature data for elastic modulus of yfe, the hightemperature phase. Cast iron is an alloy of carbon over 2% and other elements. To demonstrate the distinguishing mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron. International journal of refractory metals and hard materials. Comparing the structure and mechanical properties of. Physical and mechanical properties of silicon by insaco. The test is performed using a loading apparatus such as the tinius olsen machine. Microstructure and mechanical properties of iron containing titanium metalmetal composites. The distinguishing characteristics or qualities that are used to describe a substance such as metal are known as its physical properties.
After it has cooled, the steel is reheated and rolled into a final finished shape. Engjs5007 is middle grade of ductile cast iron in european standard din en 1563, its equivalent grade in din 1693 is ggg50. American water works association awwa 2004 manual of water supply practicesm11. These mechanical properties of the metal include strength, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, resilience, creep and. The book covers topics such as the mechanical, physical, and electrical properties of iron and the different tests under which it is subjected.
It discusses the hardness properties, tensile properties, shear and torsional properties, damping capacity, compressive properties, fatigue properties, and fracture toughness of ductile iron. They found that the higher pearlite content led to faster tool wear and higher cutting force. Hardness, brinell, 146, 146, converted from vickers for 3000 kg load10 mm ball. In fact, the ratio of strength to weight for steel is lower than any other building material.
Carbon is present in the form of plates in gray cast iron, whereas it is incorporated as a compound fe 3 c cementite in white cast iron. Mechanical and structural properties of ductile cast iron. Some properties, such as tension parallel to the grain, and all properties for some imported species are based on a more limited. Cast iron properties, classification, chemical composition. Mechanical properties of an iron oxide formed by corrosion. Comparing mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron 2011. Many of the mechanical properties of wood tabulated in this chapter were derived from extensive sampling and analysis procedures.
Some of the common classifications are based on the appearance of their fracture. Ductile cast iron has high fluidity, excellent castability, strength, high toughness, excellent wear resistance, pressure tightness, weldability and higher machinability in comparison to grey cast iron. To demonstrate the distinguishing mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron, large diameter samples were gathered, cut, and subjected to mechanical property testing. The distinguishing characteristics or qualities that are used to describe a substance such as. Pdf this article reports on an experimental study of the physical and mechanical properties of polystyrene ps and feps polymer. Variability of the mechanical properties of wrought iron from historic. Mechanical properties of an iron oxide formed by corrosion in.
These are briefly suggested below and explained in more detail under process steps. Previous works 1, 2 on ductile cast iron showed that the main factors affecting the mechanical properties are metallurgical structures. The graphite morphology determines the mechanical properties of ductile iron. The mechanical properties of glass theoretical strength, practical strength, fatigue, flaws, toughness, chemical processes glass engineering 150. Physical and engineering properties describes the importance of iron and its properties, as well as the process of casting in the different fields of engineering. Mechanical properties in thinwall ductile iron castings. It belongs to group 8, periodic number 4 of the periodic table.
How much graphite is present, the length of the flakes and how they are distributed in the matrix directly influence the properties of the iron. Pdf simulation of mechanical properties of gray cast iron. This paper describes the preparation and mechanical properties of an extensive series of very pure alloys of electrolytic iron, carbon, and manganese whose. Microscopically, all gray irons contain flake graphite dispersed in a siliconiron matrix. This page describes the mechanical properties of materials that are relevant to the design and analysis of mechanical systems. Mechanical properties of iron comprise of its density, tensile strength, viscosity, vapor pressure. Elwakil1,4 abstract waterworks fittings and accessories are important applications for ductile irons. Because every mechanical system is subjected to loads during operation, it is important to understand how the materials that make up those mechanical systems behave. These properties are represented as the average mechanical properties of the species. The main commercial applications for silicon are in semiconductors and solar cells. Cast iron has good corrosion resistance, so it can be used for watercarrying pipes etc.
The paper deals with elastic properties of iron oxides formed in reinforced concrete structures. Perhapsthemostnatural test of amaterials mechanical properties is the tensiontest,in which astriporcylinderofthematerial,havinglengthlandcrosssectionalareaa,isanchoredatone end and subjected to an axial load p a load acting along the specimens long axis at the other. An evaluation of mechanical properties and part quality in. While the graphite enhances the desirable properties of cast iron, the flakes dis. A mechanical properties model has been developed to quantitatively describe the relationship between selected mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile.
The outstanding properties of ductile iron are due to a nodular or spheroidal. Printer friendly version pdf download download as pdf excel download. The followings are its other equivalent grades, its mechanical properties, chemical composition, castings and foundries. The grades of ductile iron designated by their tensile properties in the specification astm a536 are presented in a table. Only a few cast iron manufacturers in india have these facilities, so if you want to outsource ductile cast irons or any machined component in general to a. The current aisc lrfd manual 2001 only requires impact testing in one.
The mechanical properties of this alloy are very much dependent on the morphology of its carbon content. Oct 11, 2015 pure iron has two main applications, chemical inert vessels and soft magnetic cores. Nonferrous metals are those which do not contain significant quantity of iron ferrite or iron as the base metal. Physical and mechanical properties of materials melting temperature 9 density 10 youngs modulus 11. Effects of silicon on mechanical properties and fracture toughness of heavysection ductile cast iron liang song 1,2, erjun guo 2, liping wang 2 and dongrong liu 2 1 school of materials science and engineering, heilongjiang university of. C engineering materials manual, reinhold publishing corporation. F ao f is load applied parallel to the upper and lower faces each of which has an area a0. Home tips and facts mechanical properties of gray iron. The outstanding properties of ductile iron are due to.
Mechanical properties of high purity fec alloys at. Jul 17, 2017 after it has cooled, the steel is reheated and rolled into a final finished shape. Pdf investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic. Comparison of the mechanical properties of steel and. The effect of copper addition on the mechanical and wear. Effect of graphite nodularity on mechanical properties of. Comparison of the mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron. Sae j434 for automotive ductile nodular iron castings. Sae j434 for automotive ductile nodular iron castings by dandong foundry in china. Graphite shape, which can range from flake to spherical, plays a significant role in determining the mechanical properties of cast irons. However, the mechanical properties are usually very good. Aug, 20 physical properties mechanical properties applications. Ductile iron owes its remarkable mechanical properties to the spheroidal shape of its graphite.
Introduction to materials science, chapter 6, mechanical properties of metals university of tennessee, dept. Effect of graphite nodularity on mechanical properties of ductile iron for waterworks fittings and accessories a. Mechanical properties mechanical properties of steel. Article effects of microstructure, mechanical and physical. The insulating shell used in investment castings has a very significant effect on the microstructure that forms when producing ductile iron. The mechanical properties stated in these rules shall be verified by means of tensile tests. It is soft, ductile, magnetic, and has high elasticity and tensile strength. Perhapsthemostnatural test of amaterials mechanical properties is the tensiontest,in which astriporcylinderofthematerial,havinglengthlandcrosssectionalareaa,isanchoredatone end and subjected to an axial load p a load acting along the specimens long. In both cases mechanical properties are something you care less about compared to advantages tied to cost and specific performance. The magnetic anisotropy in a single crystal of iron is shown in fig. The rigidity and dampening factor of cast iron make it an excellent material for machine tool frames and parts. Iron makes up 5% of the earths crust and is one of the most abundantly available metals.
Spherical graphite in ductile iron leads to excellent properties, while chunky graphite severely reduces the properties of ductile iron castings. Comparison of the mechanical properties of steel and ductile. This article evaluates and identifies the most important variables affecting the mechanical properties and carbide formation in thinwall ductile iron. Wrought iron is an iron alloy with very low carbon content with respect to cast iron. Cast iron is an iron alloy characterized by its relatively high carbon content usually 2 % to 4%. The capacity of this machine is 10,000 pounds tension and compression. A mechanical properties model has been developed to quantitatively describe the relationship between selected mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile strength, and elongation, and the. Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood. Effects of silicon on mechanical properties and fracture. Physical properties mechanical properties applications. The mechanical properties of iron are tabulated below. Work by wert4 has shown that the yield strength of ironcarbon alloys in.
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